Peer-to-peer (P2P) is a network architecture in which each node (computer) acts as both a client and a server. This means that each node can share its resources, such as files, processing power, or storage space, with other nodes on the network.

P2P networks are often used for file sharing, but they can also be used for other purposes, such as:

• Distributed computing: P2P networks can be used to distribute computing tasks among multiple nodes. This can be used to speed up the execution of complex tasks, such as rendering 3D graphics or simulating physical systems.
• Distributed storage: P2P networks can be used to store data in a distributed manner. This can be used to improve the availability and reliability of data, as well as to reduce the cost of storage.
• Secure communication: P2P networks can be used to establish secure communication channels between two or more nodes. This can be used for applications such as anonymous communication or file sharing without the need for a central server.

Some examples of P2P networks include:

• BitTorrent: A file sharing protocol that uses P2P technology to distribute large files.
• Gnutella: A P2P network that allows users to share files without the need for a central server.
• Freenet: A P2P network that provides anonymous communication and file sharing.
• Bitcoin: A P2P cryptocurrency that uses P2P technology to verify and record transactions.

P2P networks have a number of advantages over traditional client-server networks, including:

• Increased scalability: P2P networks can scale to support a large number of users and nodes.
• Increased reliability: P2P networks are more resilient to failures of individual nodes.
• Reduced costs: P2P networks can reduce the cost of computing and storage resources.
• Increased security: P2P networks can provide more secure communication channels.

However, P2P networks also have some disadvantages, including:

• Security: P2P networks can be more vulnerable to security attacks than traditional client-server networks.
• Legality: P2P networks can be used for illegal activities, such as copyright infringement.
• Complexity: P2P networks can be more complex to set up and manage than traditional client-server networks.