There is no single toughest intellectual discourse that can be definitively stated, as different fields of study present their own unique challenges and complexities. However, some areas of study that are widely regarded as highly demanding and intellectually rigorous include:

1. Mathematics: Fields like abstract algebra, real analysis, topology, and number theory are known for their high level of abstraction, rigor, and complexity.
2. Theoretical Physics: Disciplines such as quantum mechanics, general relativity, string theory, and particle physics require a deep understanding of advanced mathematical concepts and the ability to grasp and work with abstract and counterintuitive ideas.
3. Philosophy: Areas like metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and logic involve grappling with profound questions about the nature of reality, knowledge, values, and reasoning, often requiring complex argumentation and logical rigor.
4. Computer Science Theory: Subjects like computational complexity theory, automata theory, and cryptography demand a strong grasp of mathematical concepts, logical reasoning, and the ability to work with abstract models and algorithms.
5. Formal Logic and Foundations of Mathematics: Fields like set theory, model theory, and proof theory deal with the foundations of mathematical reasoning and require a high level of precision, rigor, and abstract thinking.

It’s worth noting that the perceived difficulty of a field can also depend on an individual’s aptitudes, interests, and prior preparation. Additionally, interdisciplinary areas that combine multiple complex disciplines, such as theoretical computer science, mathematical physics, or formal epistemology, can be particularly intellectually demanding.

Ultimately, the toughest intellectual discourse is often the one that challenges an individual’s strengths and pushes them to expand their understanding and thinking abilities to the limits.

Pseudo-intellectuals are individuals who present themselves as being intellectually sophisticated and knowledgeable, but lack true depth of understanding or rigorous education in the subjects they claim expertise in. Some key characteristics of pseudo-intellectuals include:

1. Use of complex language and jargon: They often use overly complicated language and obscure terminology to sound intelligent, even when simpler explanations would suffice.
2. Superficial knowledge: Their knowledge is typically superficial and derived from popular sources rather than deep study or research in the field.
3. Disdain for expertise: They may dismiss or discredit legitimate experts and authoritative sources in favor of their own unsupported views.
4. Logical fallacies: Their arguments are often riddled with logical fallacies, such as appealing to emotion, oversimplifying complex issues, or making unsupported generalizations.
5. Confidence without substance: They exhibit an air of confidence and self-assurance, even when their claims lack empirical evidence or solid reasoning.
6. Intellectual posturing: They engage in intellectual posturing and grandstanding to appear more knowledgeable and sophisticated than they truly are.
7. Resistance to criticism: They tend to be defensive and resistant to constructive criticism or challenges to their views, often dismissing opposing perspectives as inferior or biased.

Pseudo-intellectuals can be found across various domains, including politics, popular culture, and even academia. While they may initially sound convincing, their lack of true expertise and rigorous understanding often becomes evident upon closer examination of their claims and arguments.

Also, from another source:

Determining the toughest intellectual discourse for further studies can vary depending on individual interests, aptitudes, and the specific field of study. However, some subjects are often considered intellectually challenging due to their complexity, interdisciplinary nature, and the depth of understanding required. Here are a few contenders:

1. Theoretical Physics: Concepts such as quantum mechanics, general relativity, and string theory push the boundaries of human understanding and often require advanced mathematical skills to comprehend fully.
2. Philosophy of Mind: Exploring questions about consciousness, identity, and the nature of reality can be intellectually demanding and require a deep engagement with both philosophical and scientific literature.
3. Advanced Mathematics: Fields like abstract algebra, topology, and differential geometry delve into highly abstract concepts that can be difficult to grasp without a solid mathematical foundation.
4. Neuroscience: Understanding the complexities of the brain and nervous system involves integrating knowledge from biology, psychology, and other disciplines, making it a challenging but rewarding area of study.
5. Ethical and Political Philosophy: grappling with questions about justice, morality, and the nature of society can be intellectually stimulating but also requires careful analysis and critical thinking.

Ultimately, the toughest intellectual discourse for further studies will depend on your interests, strengths, and willingness to engage deeply with complex ideas.

“Pseudo-intellectual” is a term often used to describe individuals who present themselves as intellectuals or experts but lack the depth of knowledge, critical thinking skills, or genuine understanding of the subjects they discuss. They may use jargon or complex language to impress others without actually contributing meaningful insights or engaging with ideas in a substantive way.

Here are some characteristics often associated with pseudo-intellectuals:

1. Superficiality: They may have a shallow understanding of complex topics and fail to engage deeply with ideas or evidence.
2. Intellectual Snobbery: Pseudo-intellectuals may use their perceived intellect to belittle or dismiss others’ ideas without providing valid arguments or evidence to support their own positions.
3. Lack of Rigor: They may rely on anecdotal evidence, logical fallacies, or poorly researched claims rather than rigorous analysis or empirical evidence.
4. Overuse of Jargon: Pseudo-intellectuals may use technical language or complex terminology to obfuscate their lack of understanding or to appear more knowledgeable than they actually are.
5. Arrogance: They may exhibit an overinflated sense of their own intelligence or expertise, often without the accomplishments or credentials to support it.

It’s important to note that labeling someone as a pseudo-intellectual can be subjective and should be done with caution. It’s possible for individuals to genuinely engage with complex ideas but still make mistakes or have gaps in their understanding. However, the term is often used to criticize those who engage in intellectual pretension without the substance to back it up.

Also, from another source:

There’s no single “toughest” intellectual discourse. The most challenging fields change and evolve and depend quite a bit on your specific interests. Here’s a breakdown to help you consider the options:

Factors that contribute to a field’s difficulty:

• Abstract Concepts: Fields dealing with highly theoretical ideas can be difficult to get started in, as they often rely on intricate frameworks unique to that field. Examples include advanced theoretical physics or schools of philosophy.
• Technical Rigor: Some disciplines demand precise calculations, extensive use of formal logic, or high-level mathematical skills. Think computer science, advanced mathematics, or theoretical economics.
• Breadth of Knowledge Certain fields require mastering large bodies of established work, which takes significant time and focus. Medicine, law, and history are prime examples.
• Cutting-Edge Complexity: Many fields tackle problems so advanced that solutions or even the questions are still developing. These include research in topics like artificial intelligence, quantum computing, or some realms of theoretical biology.

Some traditionally challenging fields:

• Physics: Especially theoretical physics, dealing with mind-bending concepts like quantum mechanics, string theory, and cosmology.
• Mathematics: Pure mathematics explores abstract proofs and can dive into incredibly complex territory.
• Philosophy: Analyzing the fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, and ethics requires sophisticated reasoning and wrestling with centuries of thought.
• Computer Science: Delves into algorithms, theory of computation, and can demand both abstract thinking and high levels of technical expertise.
• Neuroscience: Understanding the inner workings of the brain and its connection to the mind is a massively complex challenge.

How to find what’s “toughest” for you:

1. Consider Your Interests: What naturally draws your curiosity and what problems make your brain itch? Motivation is more important than pure difficulty.
2. Assess Your Strengths: Are you a logical thinker good with numbers? Or do you gravitate toward big-picture concepts and arguments? Knowing this helps narrow your options.
3. Exploration: Don’t be afraid to sample different fields. Take introductory courses or read popular books for those subjects that pique your interest.

Remember: Intellectual challenge is subjective. The “toughest” path is the one that pushes your personal boundaries of comprehension and makes you work hardest!

Pseudo-intellectuals are people who want to appear highly intelligent and knowledgeable, but lack the actual depth of understanding or genuine expertise. Here are some key traits that distinguish them:

Characteristics:

• Pretentiousness: Their aim is to impress others, not to actually engage with ideas. They might use unnecessarily complex words, jargon, or references to make themselves seem intellectually superior.
• Shallow Knowledge: Their understanding of topics is superficial. They may know buzzwords and concepts but lack the ability to think critically or to connect ideas meaningfully.
• Lack of Original Thought: Pseudo-intellectuals often regurgitate information they’ve heard or read but struggle to produce original insights or form their own well-reasoned opinions.
• Inflexible Thinking: They cling to their supposed knowledge, dismissing alternative viewpoints or evidence that challenges their beliefs. They’re focused on being right, not on learning.
• Focus on Appearance: More interested in the image of being intelligent than the actual process of learning, understanding, and critical thinking.

Why do people become pseudo-intellectuals?

• Insecurity: They may try to mask their own intellectual insecurities by projecting an image of vast knowledge.
• Seeking Validation: They crave the admiration of others and use their supposed intelligence as a way to get social approval.
• Laziness: It takes real effort to become genuinely knowledgeable. Pseudo-intellectualism is a shortcut to feeling smart without the work.

How to spot them:

Pay attention to how someone talks and acts more than just what they say. Are they always trying to “one-up” others? Do they shut down alternative perspectives? Does their “knowledge” seem disconnected and focused mostly on dropping fancy terms?

It’s important to note:

• Everyone has gaps in their knowledge; that doesn’t make them a pseudo-intellectual.
• Pseudo-intellectualism is more about attitude and intent than a specific level of knowledge.
• A desire to learn and a willingness to admit mistakes are the opposite of pseudo-intellectual behavior.