Filter bubbles, also known as echo chambers, refer to the phenomenon in which individuals are increasingly exposed only to information that aligns with their beliefs, preferences, and interests while being shielded from opposing viewpoints. This narrowing of exposure occurs primarily due to algorithms used by online platforms to personalize content based on users’ past behavior, preferences, and social connections.

Key characteristics of filter bubbles include:

1. Personalized Content: Online platforms, such as social media sites and search engines, use algorithms to tailor content to individual users. This personalization often leads to users being shown content that reinforces their existing beliefs and interests.
2. Limited Exposure to Diverse Perspectives: Users within filter bubbles are less likely to encounter diverse viewpoints, alternative opinions, or conflicting information. As a result, they may be unaware of different perspectives on important issues or topics.
3. Confirmation Bias: Filter bubbles contribute to confirmation bias, the tendency to seek out and interpret information in a way that confirms one’s existing beliefs or hypotheses. Users may become increasingly entrenched in their viewpoints as they are exposed to content that reinforces their biases.
4. Polarization and Fragmentation: Filter bubbles can contribute to societal polarization by reinforcing existing divisions and amplifying differences between individuals or groups with opposing viewpoints. This polarization can lead to increased social fragmentation and decreased understanding between different segments of society.
5. Impact on Public Discourse: Filter bubbles can have significant implications for public discourse and democratic processes. When individuals are primarily exposed to information that aligns with their beliefs, it can hinder constructive dialogue, compromise, and the ability to find common ground on important issues.
6. Potential for Misinformation: Filter bubbles can also contribute to the spread of misinformation and disinformation, as users may be more susceptible to accepting and sharing false or misleading information that reinforces their existing beliefs.

Overall, filter bubbles pose challenges to fostering a well-informed and inclusive society. Addressing this phenomenon requires efforts to promote media literacy, encourage exposure to diverse perspectives, and ensure transparency and accountability in the algorithms and mechanisms used to personalize online content.

Also, from another source:

Filter bubbles, also known as ideological frames, are a phenomenon caused by algorithms that personalize what you see online. Imagine a bubble where you’re only exposed to information that confirms your existing beliefs. That’s essentially a filter bubble.

Here’s a breakdown of how filter bubbles work:

• Algorithms: Social media platforms, search engines, and other online services use algorithms to curate content for users. These algorithms consider factors like your browsing history, search queries, clicks, and likes.
• Personalized Content: Based on this data, the algorithms create a personalized filter that prioritizes information that aligns with your interests and past behavior.
• Limited Exposure: This can lead to an echo chamber effect, where you’re primarily exposed to information that confirms your existing views and limits your exposure to opposing viewpoints.

The potential downsides of filter bubbles include:

• Limited Perspective: You may miss out on important information or different perspectives that could challenge your assumptions.
• Confirmation Bias: Filter bubbles can reinforce confirmation bias, the tendency to seek out information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that contradicts them.
• Polarization: Echo chambers can contribute to societal polarization by creating isolated groups with limited exposure to differing viewpoints.

Here are some ways to avoid filter bubbles:

• Seek Diverse Sources: Make a conscious effort to get your news and information from a variety of sources, including those with opposing viewpoints.
• Question Your Biases: Be mindful of your own biases and challenge your assumptions.
• Use Fact-Checking Websites: There are many fact-checking websites available online that can help you verify the accuracy of information you find online.
• Adjust Your Settings: Some social media platforms allow you to adjust your settings to see a wider range of content.

By being aware of filter bubbles and taking steps to avoid them, you can ensure you’re exposed to a wider range of information and develop a more well-rounded perspective on the world.